Cardiac Markers as Diagnostic Biochemical Markers in Heart Failure

Author(s)

Patel, H. S., Sarawade, R., Patel, R. J.

Author's Affiliation

Abstract

We are in new era of identifying and treating patients with diseases. Heart disease is the leading cause of mortality in developed countries said as lethal diseases all over the world. In this review, we summarize recent literature focusing on circulating biomarkers that can aid the diagnosis of acute heart failure, facilitate prognostication, and guide disease management. Putative heart failure biomarkers can be broadly and empirically classified into indicators of neuro-hormonal activation (brain natriuretic peptide [BNP] and norepinephrine), markers of myocyte injury and extracellular matrix remodeling, and inflammatory mediators. Other biomarkers at early stages of investigation are also discussed briefly. This review does not cover genomic and echocardiographic biomarkers of heart failure but gives the diagnostic, monitoring and risk of stratification properties of existing and emerging markers of Cardiovascular diseases (CVD’s).Cardiac markers are used to predict the increased risk of heart diseases. Among cardiac markers for CVD’s risk that have received attention in this review are Troponin, Myoglobin, Creatine kinase, C-Reactive protein and to highlight the clinical usefulness of serial measurement of these markers in heart diseases. The existing cardiac markers and their potentials gives the researchers an insight for new research and to study the emerging markers like Matrix Metaloproteins (MMP), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), homocysteine etc. It is critically important to place Cardiac markers in the temporal context of clinical symptoms and signs. This is a substantial advantage for point of care (POC) testing where availability of biochemical marker is in time frame particularly in (ED) emergency department.

Keywords

Biomarkers, Heart failure, Troponin, Creatine kinase, Point of care testing

Cite This Article

Patel, H. S., Sarawade, R., Patel, R. J. (2013). Cardiac Markers as Diagnostic Biochemical Markers in Heart Failure. International Journal for Pharmaceutical Research Scholars (IJPRS), 2(2), 245-257.