INTRODUCTION
Analgesics are derived from Greek word ‘An’ means without & ‘Algos’ means Pain. Analgesic agents act by inhibiting cyclooxygenase Enzymes1. NSAIDS ( Non steroidal Anti inflammatory drugs) are the drug of choice for inflammation & its associated symptoms , but these drugs shows severe Gastro-intestinal irritations , ulcers Kidney failure & liver toxicity. Hence for this Ayurvedic formulations are the best alternate2, Herbal analgesic oils one of the Ayurvedic formulation in which herbs and base oils are used for the formulation. The different Tailas have been prepared using different herbs accordingly to the purpose and of its use.
The herbal Ayurvedic formulations are popular worldwide because they don’t show any side effects. Herbal analgesic oil shows anti-inflammatory action, analgesic action, and antimicrobial activities.
Herbs used for formulation provides essential nutrients for treatment of the diseases. Herbal formulations are comparatively causing fewer side effects than chemical formulations3.
The herbal products have dual importance due to the presence of variety of phytochemical which helps in body care and improves the biological functions of the human body4.
Hence an attempt is made to formulate & Evaluate Analgesic oil from Bilva, Guduchi, sweet flag, pipal (long pepper), Moringa gum, Gingelly oil & Mustard oil.
Table: 1 Ingredients
| SL NO | NAME OF
THE DRUG |
FIGURE | BOTANICAL NAME | USES |
| 1. | BILVA |
|
Aegle marmelos | Anti-inflammatory , antianalgesic |
| 2. | GUDUCHI |
|
Tinospora cardifoila | Anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial |
| 3. | SESAME OIL |
|
Sesamum indicum L | Helps in joint strengthening and bone rejuvenation. |
| 4. | MUSTARD OIL |
|
Brassica campestris | Reduces inflammation, blocks microbial growth. |
| 5. | SWEET FLAG |
|
Acorus calamus | Anti-inflammatory, flavouring agent |
| 6. | PIPAL
(LONG PEPPER) |
|
Pipar longum | Antibacterial , antidiabetic |
| 7. | MORINGA GUM |
|
Moringa olefera | Antioxidant |
Table: 2 Formulation of Herbal Analgesic Oil
| SL NO | INGREDIENTS | FORMULATION |
| 1 | Sweet flag | 130gm |
| 2 | Pipal | 130gm |
| 3 | Guduchi | 130gm |
| 4 | Bilva | 130gm |
| 5 | Moringa gum | 10gm |
| 6 | Sesame oil | 1lt |
| 7 | Mustard oil | 50ml |
Materials And Methods
Preparation of Kalka (Paste)
The Kalka were prepared by mixing Sweet flag, Pipal, ,Guduchi,Moringa gum, Bilva with 3 to 4 volumes of water & heat it for 2 hours until Decoction is obtained. Filter the Decoction & concentrate until Kalka ( Paste )is obtained
Preparation of Analgesic Oil.
Take 1 litre of Sneha dravya ( Sesame oil) & add 50 ml of mustard oil and heat it until it forms homogeneous mixture. Add Kalka to the preparation and stir it until a strong base is formed. Then add 9 litres of water and constantly heat it until the oil is fully extracted. Filter & store in food grade glass container5.
Evaluation
The prepared herbal analgesic oil was subjected to under mentioned evaluations.
- Organoleptic evaluation:
Different parameters were studied such as:Colour,Physical state, Odour and solubility and it is tabulated in Table No-3.
Table No-3
| A. | Colour | Reddish brown colour |
| B. | Physical state | Liquid with greasy in nature |
| C. | Odour | Pleasant |
| D. | Solubility | Soluble in non polar solvents |
- Phytochemical evaluation:
The formulated herbal analgesic oil were subjected to qualitative chemical analysis for identification of various plant constituents like alkaloids, saponins, glycosides, protein, steroids, carbohydrates and flavonoids.The results are tabulated in Table No-4.
Table No-4
| Sl no | Constituents | Sesame oil |
| 1. | Alkaloids | Present(+ve) |
| 2. | Saponins | Present(+ve) |
| 3. | Glycosides | Present(+ve) |
| 4. | Protein | Absent(-ve) |
| 5. | Steroids | Present(+ve) |
| 6. | Carbohydrates | Absent(-ve) |
| 7. | Flavonoids | Present(+ve) |
- Physical evaluation of herbal analgesic oil :
The physicochemical evaluation was carried out with respect to Acid value, Saponification value, Iodine value, Specific gravity, Density, pH & Skin irritation test were carried out as per standard methods6,7.
The observations for the physical evaluations were reported in Table-5 where it was found that the formulation has all the value within the standard limits
Table No-5
| PARAMETERS | FORMULATED OIL |
| COLOUR | Dark brown |
| ODOUR | Characteristic |
| PH | 5.6 |
| SAPONIFICATION VALUE | 57.78 |
| ACID VALUE | 0.396 |
| IODINE VALUE | 19.82 |
| SPECIFIC GRAVITY | 0.98 |
| SKIN IRRITATION TEST | No irritation |
| DENSITY | 0.923gm/cc |
CONCLUSION
This research provides guidelines on the use of herbal ingredients in the preparation of herbal analgesic oil having minimal (or) no side effects. The good quality and purity of the analgesic oil has met with almost all the parameters and comes under the specified limits. The ball can be rolled on by further clinical trials which will fetch further benefits of analgesic oils.
REFERENCE
- Anonymous-www.pharmatutor.org-Art-2657
- Ricciotti, E., & FitzGerald, G. A. (2011). Prostaglandins and inflammation. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, 31(5), 986-1000.
- A review of Ayurvedic medicated oils,Ayur times Dr.Jagdev Singh.
- Ghasemian, M., Owlia, S., & Owlia, M. B. (2016). Review of anti-inflammatory herbal medicines. Advances in pharmacological sciences, 2016.
- Mukherjee, P. K. (2002). Quality control of herbal drugs: an approach to evaluation of botanicals. Business Horizons.
- Khandelwal, K. (2008). Practical pharmacognosy. Pragati Books Pvt. Ltd..
- Pharmacopoeia, I. (2014). Ghaziabad: Indian Pharmacopoeial Commission. Govt. of India-Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, 1948.